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This video is created for History Honours students….
Man’s stone tools in the earlier times were made by striking stone against stone, which left the surface rough and asymmetrical. At a very late stage these began to be supplemented by ground tools, which were made by rubbing stone against stone, or by hand-rotating softer stone on a block of stronger stone. These tools, therefore, could have smooth surfaces, and well-rounded and symmetrical shapes. They could also be given much sharper points. Whether serving as axes with smooth long edges, or as tips of digging sticks, or as arrowheads, these were generally far more effective than the old Palaeolithic or Mesolithic tools. Once Neolithic tools began to be made, they would in turn make it easier to cultivate the soil. As cultivation became more widespread, domestication of cattle would be put on a firmer foundation. Communities would in time be able to produce a surplus, that is, grow more food than the producers themselves required for their bare subsistence. Such surplus could then also be appropriated by non-producers, establishing their right by force, the right in time confirmed by cult and custom. Classes, private property and the state now made their appearance, based on such expropriation of the surplus. All this constituted what V. Gordon Childe calls ‘the Neolithic Revolution’.
Some prehistorians have subsequently questioned the use of the term ‘revolution’ and pointed out that what occurred was more of an evolution spread over a long period, rather than a revolution. We have discussed this debate in this video.
#NeolithicRevolution #VGordonChilde #NeolithicAgriculture
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Related Video: https://youtu.be/EA5VRgU0RNo
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Reference:
(1) Farooqui Amar (2002), Early Social Formations, Delhi: Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd.
(2) Habib Irfan (2012), Prehistory, Delhi: Tulika Books
(3) Singh Upinder (2004), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Delhi: Pearson
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Script, Lecture & Music by Gautam Mukhopadhyay
Professional Profile Link: http://vidyamandira.ac.in/pdfs/facultycv/GM_HIST.pdf
Video and soundtrack are subject to copyright of PAATH History
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